The next social revolution
Mobile communication, pervasive computing, wireless networks, collective action.
Bibliography
View by Chapter: The Era of Sentient ThingsTitle: The Killer App -- Bar None
Author: Charles Fishman
Publication: Agenda Items, Fast Company, June 2001
Abstract or Excerpt: Forget Napster and Java. The most revolutionary technologies often attract the fewest headlines. What would business be like without the lowly bar code? What would life in major cities be like without the literary lifesaving impact of the catalytic converter?
Subjects: Ubiquitous Computing
Keywords: Pervasive Computing, bar code, killer apps, Uniform Code Council, UPC
Title: When Things Start To Think
Author: Neil Gershenfeld
Publication: New York: Henry Holt, 1999
Title: Webcams offer new views of the world
Author: Thomas Nagorny
Publication Date: 5/22/2001
Abstract or Excerpt: It may seem odd but the history of the Webcam began with a coffeepot.
Subjects: Cooperation, Privacy, Surveillance, Ubiquitous Computing
Keywords: The Era of Sentient Things
Title: Artificial Reality
Author: Myron Krueger
Publication: Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1983
Title: Turning pervasive computing into mediated spaces
Author: W. Mark
Publication: IBM Systems Journal, Vol 38, No. 4 - Pervasive Computing
Abstract or Excerpt: With pervasive computing, we envision a future in which computation becomes part of the environment. The computer forms (workstation, personal computer, personal digital assistant, game player) through which we now relate to computation will occupy only a small niche in this new computational world. Our relationship to pervasive computing will differ radically from our current relationship with computers. When computation becomes part of the environment, most human-computer interaction will be implicit, and it will have to take account of physical space. Physical space rarely matters in current human-computer interaction; but as computational devices become part of furniture, walls, and clothing, physical space becomes a necessary consideration. First, more than one person can occupy a space. Second, individuals within the space are doing things other than interacting with the computer: coming and going, and perhaps most strikingly, interacting with each other--not just with the computer. Finally, physical space provides a sense of place: individuals associate places with events and recurrent activities.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Ubiquitous Computing
Keywords: Pervasive Computing, mediated spaces, computation, smart space, Doug Engelbart, SRI, Media Room, phicon
Title: The origins of ubiquitous computing research at PARC in the late 1980s
Author: M. Weiser, R. Gold, and J.S. Brown
Publication: IBM Systems Journal -- Vol 38, No. 4 - Pervasive Computing
Abstract or Excerpt: Ubiquitous computing began in the Electronics and Imaging Laboratory of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. This essay tells the inside story of its evolution from "computer walls" to "calm computing."
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Ubiquitous Computing
Keywords: Pervasive Computing, PARC,
Title: The Computer for the 21st Century
Author: Mark Weiser
Publication: Scientific American, pp. 94-10, September 1991
Abstract or Excerpt: The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Ubiquitous Computing
Keywords: Pervasive Computing, tabs
Title: The role of roomware and sensing technology for supporting narratives in ubiquitous computing environments
Author: Matina Halkia and Norbert Streitz
Publication: Starlab Research Laboratories
Abstract or Excerpt: In our view, the study of situated interactions in office environments requires consideration of the following design spaces: mental and social space, information space as well as the physical environment enveloping it (Streitz et al., 1998). It also requires extending context-awareness methods to make accurate and meaningful inferences about human activity in physical space (Halkia & Solari, 1999).
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Ubiquitous Computing
Keywords: Pervasive Computing, context-awareness, infrared, roomware
Title: Mobile Phones, Refrigerators, Bar Code Readers, Cameras, The Web and People
Author: Samuli Pekkola, Yu You, and Mike Robinson
Publication: IRIS-23, Doing IT together, Vol II August 12-15, 2000, Lingatan, Sweden
Abstract or Excerpt: The paper examines awareness of other people in a context of mobility, consumer electronics, and World Wide Web. We approach the topic by presenting an existing demo system, and extra CSCW components that need to be added. An imaginative usage example is also presented. Because standard systems are designed on a Web (single viewpoint) model, difficulties will appear for multiple simultaneous users. These suggest issues for further discussions. Our main contribution is to open new doors to the fields of co-operative buildings and ubiquitous computers, and present issues for discussions to be considered when designing and implementing future systems.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Location Sensitive Devices (LSD), Ubiquitous Computing
Keywords: awareness, CSCW, situation awareness (SA), distributed co-operation, workspace awareness
Title: P2P: The Japanese Angle
Author: Sam Joseph
Publication: J@pan Inc Magazine, April 2001
Abstract or Excerpt: How the emerging P2P scene in Japan could mix with the country's ubiquitous mobile phones to create a pocket-to-pocket, person-to-person, impossible-to-monitor network.
Subjects: Japan, P2P, Ubiquitous Computing
Title: Smart Dust: Autonomous Sensing and Communication in a Cubic Millimeter
Author: Kris Pister, Joe Kahn, and Bernhard Boser
Publication: Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center (BSAC)
Abstract or Excerpt: The science/engineering goal of the Smart Dust project is to demonstrate that a complete sensor/communication system can be integrated into a cubic millimeter package. This involves both evolutionary and revolutionary advances in miniaturization, integration, and energy management. We aren't targeting any particular sensor, in fact there is no direct funding for sensor research in the project (but we've got quite a few to choose from based on a decade or two of outstanding MEMS work at Berkeley and elsewhere).
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Privacy, Surveillance, Ubiquitous Computing
Keywords: pervasive computing, smart dust, sensor, motes, silicon, DARPA, miniaturization, integration, energy management, sensor networks, communication
Title: New Phone Service: Coke Waiting
Author: Elisa Batista
Publication: Wired Magazine
Publication Date: 3/30/2001
Abstract or Excerpt: Those clever folk at NTT DoCoMo know you want to do more with your phone than just call someone. How about buying a burger at a drive-through window? Maybe go grocery shopping, and use your phone to pay, similar to the way you might use your ATM card? The Japanese telco company isn't ready to roll out such services just yet. For now you'll have to settle for a Coke.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Privacy, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: m-commerce, NTT DoCoMo, Coke vending machines, mobile commerce, i-mode, m-wallet, radio waves, RFID
Title: About WorldBoard
Author: Sonny Kirkley, the WorldBoard Project Director
Publication Date: 1/25/2000
Abstract or Excerpt: Just as we put physical tools and information where they are most useful in the World, people might benfit from a technology that enables them to associate digital information, tools and services with places. "WorldBoard is a powerful new information and communication technology being developed and promoted by the WorldBoard Forum. At its most basic level, WorldBoard enables people to associate Web objects with a PLACE - Proximity and Location to Access Contextual Enlightenment. This enhancement of the Web enables anyone to virtually attach information, tools and services to any location on the planet or, using an identification tag, to objects or people in the environment. These specific physical objects (i.e., a specific car or a box of cereal) or each instance of a class of objects (i.e., any oak tree or any 1999 Honda Accord LX Coupe with black exterior) may carry information with them as they move about the physical world."
Subjects: Ubiquitous Computing
Keywords: WorldBoard, PLACE - Proximity and Location to Access Contextual Enlightenment, Pervasive computing, Jim Spohrer, communication technology
Title: You are here
Author: Mark Schrope
Publication: New Scientist
Publication Date: 10/21/2000
Abstract or Excerpt: We can track everyone all the time, so no one need die for lack of emergency services. But is the loss of privacy acceptable, or even necessary?
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Location Sensitive Devices (LSD), Mobile Phones, Privacy, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: FCC, GPS, SnapTrack, RadioCamera, asset-tracking, Electronic Privacy Information Center, trust
Title: The Computer as a Communication Device
Author: J.C.R. Licklider and R.W. Taylor
Publication: Science and Technology, April 1968, pp. 21-31
Abstract or Excerpt: Licklider describes his vision of computing (1960), which led to the funding priorities of IPTO and helps explain why the Internet was built, and discusses the future (1968), presciently arguing that by the Year 2000 millions of people would be on-line, connected by a global network. It seems he was right.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET)
Keywords: communication,
Title: You Are So Here
Author: Joel Garreau
Publication: The Washington Post, Page C01
Publication Date: 8/19/2001
Abstract or Excerpt: Now you know exactly where you stand.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Handhelds, Location Sensitive Devices (LSD), Mobile Phones, Privacy, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: GPS, beacons, The Degree Confluence Project, peace of mind
Title: How to Host a Pervasive Game: Supporting Face-to-Face Interactions in Live-Action Roleplaying
Author: Jay Schneider and Gerd Kortuem
Publication: Position Paper for UbiComp 2001 Workshop on Designing Ubiquitous Computing Games
Abstract or Excerpt: Pervasive Clue, played with personal digital assistants (PDAs), will support game play and sociability in the game.
Subjects: Gaming, Handhelds, Mobile Phones, Reputation Systems, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: LARP, Pervasive Game, roleplaying game, radio frequency (RF) PDA devices, clue beacons, Cluefinder PDA, WALID, sociability, trust, sociability augmenting applications
Title: Close Encounters: Supporting Mobile Collaboration through Interchange of User Profiles
Author: Gerd Kortuem, Zary Segall, and Thaddeus G. Cowan Thompson
Publication: Proceedings First International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing (HUC99), 1999, Karlsruhe, Germany
Abstract or Excerpt: This paper introduces the notion of profile-based cooperation as a way to support awareness and informal communication between mobile users during chance encounters. We describe the design of Proem, a wearable system for profile-based cooperation that enables users to publish and exchange personal profile information during physical encounters. The Proem system is used to initiate contact between individuals by identifying mutual interests or common friends. In contrast to most previous research that concentrates on collaboration in well-defined and closed user groups, Proem supports informal communication between individuals who have never met before and who don't know each other. We illustrate the benefits of profile-based cooperation by describing several usage scenarios for the Proem system.
Subjects: Cooperation, Reputation Systems, Ubiquitous Computing
Title: The Ektara Architecture: The Right Framework for Context-Aware Wearable & Ubiquitous Computing Applications
Author: Richard W. DeVaul and Alex Pentland
Publication: MIT Technical Report, 2000
Abstract or Excerpt: In this paper we describe the Ektara architecture, a distributed computing architecture for building context-aware ubiquitous and wearable computing applications (UWC). We begin by describing the critical requirements for developing real context-aware UWC applications and relate these to a plausible user-centered scenario. We then present the functional components of the Ektara architecture explain how they address the critical requirements. Examples of how these functional components interact to create real applications are given, and we discuss our progress implementing a prototype system and several applications.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Ubiquitous Computing
Title: Wearable Computing: Toward Humanistic Intelligence
Author: Steve Mann
Publication: IEEE IS Special Issue on Wearable Computing and Humanistic Intelligence
Abstract or Excerpt: Over the past 20 years, wearable computing has emerged as the perfect tool for embodying humanistic intelligence. HI is intelligence that arises when a human is part of the feedback loop of a computational process in which the human and computer are inextricably intertwined.
Subjects: Privacy, Surveillance, Ubiquitous Computing
Keywords: user empowerment, Wearable Computing, Augmentation, Mediation
Title: Cmode: Anytime, anywhere, for anybody
Publication Date: 9/6/2001
Abstract or Excerpt: Cmode is a new service which enables mobile phone users to purchase drinks from Cmode enabled Coca Cola vending machines using digital vouchers. In addition, these hybrid vending terminals also offer local information, directions and Coco Cola branded entertainment services. With each purchase, customers accumulate points which can be exchanged for Coca Cola products, ringtones, digital logos, games, etc. The service is in trial until the end of the year and each vending machine is currently accompanied by an operator who explains the service to potential customers as well as taking note of any debug information.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Handhelds, Mobile Phones, SMS, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: Cmode, Coca Cola, vending machines, m-commerce
Title: 20 to 20 Project
Author: Sara Roberts
Abstract or Excerpt: A distributed open-ended narrative played out across a social network via soft, easily portable, communication- enabled dolls. The dolls "know" each other, wireless communications provide an open channel between them. The dolls will be given to 20 colleagues living in the US, Canada, Europe, Australia, and Japan. These people will be asked to carry the dolls with them as often as practical, for one year. In the first year the project will involve the design, fabrication and distribution of these dolls, server design, and research of networked social models. In the second year (the performance year) the dolls will be in the field and the communications of the doll carriers combined with narrative material introduced through the server will combine to create a sort of improvised theater at the speed of life.
Subjects: Cooperation, Location Sensitive Devices (LSD), Mobile Phones, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: dolls, performance theater, distributed narrative, portables, GPS, social networks
Title: InfoScope: Link from Real World to Digital Information Space
Author: Ismail Haritaoglu
Publication: IBM Almaden Research, San Jose, CA 95120
Abstract or Excerpt: We describe an information augmentation system (infoS-cope) and applications integrating handheld device with a color camera to provide enhanced information perception services to users. InfoScope uses a color camera as an input device to capture scene images from the real world and utilize computer vision techniques to extract information from real world, convert them into digital world as text information and augment them back to the original scene location. The user can see both the real world and information together on display of the handheld de- vice.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Handhelds, Location Sensitive Devices (LSD), Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: information augmentation, InfoScope, wearable computers, color camera, translator
Title: Darpa kick starts wearable computer initiative
Author: Rick Merritt
Publication: EE Times
Publication Date: 11/2/2001
Abstract or Excerpt: A growing group of researchers is coalescing around the idea that the future of mobile computing may have less to do with small PCs and more to do with something they call smart yarn.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Ubiquitous Computing
Keywords: DARPA, wearable computing, CAD, Softswitch, smart clothes, smart yarn, e-textiles
Title: Gerd Kortuem, Wearable Computing Lab, University of Oregon
Publication Date: 11/2/2001
Abstract or Excerpt: Our goal is to build systems for enhancing or augmenting social face-to-face interactions. In light of the recent popularity of the term peer-to-peer network I have started to describe the type of system we are trying to build as Face-to-Face (F2F) networks. Wired magazine had a short news article on our project: (http://www.wired.com/news/print/1,1294,32002,00.html).
Subjects: Location Sensitive Devices (LSD), Mobile Phones, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: social isolation, Alzheimers, Face-to-Face (F2F) networks, Wearable Communities, Jay Schneider
Title: No Hiding Place for Anyone
Author: Technology Quarterly
Publication: The Economist
Publication Date: 9/22/2001
Abstract or Excerpt: No hiding place for anyone IN TODAY'S information age, everybody leaves an electronic trail in their wake. With every credit-card purchase, ATM transaction, telephone call and Internet logon, they create an electronic portrait of themselves that grows clearer at every step. Perhaps the only items that are still untraceable are people's clothes, cash and day-to- day movements. But with the introduction of Hitachi's new "mu- chip", even these could become common knowledge. The Hitachi chip is the world's smallest wireless identification device.
Subjects: Mobile Phones, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: RFID chips, Hitachi, mu- chip, money, currency, EEF, breakthrough
Title: Micromechanical Flying Insect (MFI) Project
Publication: Sponsored by ONR MURI Biomimetic Robotics and DARPA Controlled Biological Systems Program
Publication Date: 7/21/1998
Abstract or Excerpt: Now using MEMS technology, all of that capacity is being built into small chips that are less than a quarter the size of a dime. The whole package is the size of two matchboxes taped together... and they�re much more accurate and cheaper than big mechanical devices. They are already revolutionizing aircraft navigation systems. There are also projects to produce "flying insects"
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Mobile Phones, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: smart dust, insect, MEMS, aircraft navigation systems
Title: Smart Dust: Autonomous sensing and communication in a cubic millimeter
Publication: Supported by the DARPA/MTO MEMS program
Abstract or Excerpt: But the big news is that at UC Berkeley they are working on a complete MEMS system (sensors, power supply, computer, analog/digital converter, and transmitter) in a one millimeter cube package. That's the size of a grain of sand. Their goal is to have an initial prototype ready by the end of this year, and hope to have units available within two years that will communicate with low earth orbit satellites.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Mobile Phones, Privacy, Surveillance, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: MEMS, miniaturization, smart dust, sensors, Inventory Control, Defense-related sensor networks, cubic millimeter device
Title: Computer In A Speck Of Dust - Miniature Airborne Intelligence Technology
Author: Jack Smith
Publication: ABCNEWS.com
Publication Date: 11/22/1999
Abstract or Excerpt: Whenever there is danger and we need information, we usually send in humans: at crime scenes, during nuclear accidents, in wartime. It is human life we risk to gain intelligence. But why not use "smart dust"?
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Mobile Phones, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: smart dust, cubic millimeter
Title: Micro/NanoSatellites - A Brave New World
Author: Professor Martin Sweeting
Publication: Guardian Newspapers Limited
Publication Date: 10/10/2001
Abstract or Excerpt: Yet, like the dinosaurs, the climate has rapidly changed in a post-cold-war era and a smaller, 'warm-blooded', responsive and quick-thinking species has arisen to compete in this new space environment - it is the age of the microsatellite. Life often develops in surprising places, where the conditions at a certain time are just right to promote new growth. Modern microsatellites emerged, not from the technically advanced and well-funded space agencies, but in the UK from the University of Surrey.
Subjects: Emerging Technologies (ET), Mobile Phones, Ubiquitous Computing, Wireless
Keywords: Satellites, microsatellites, University of Surrey, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) microelectronics, Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL), micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), molecular scale, space exploration